The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.
